In IoT application development, several hardware components are commonly used to build the physical infrastructure of an IoT system. These components work together to collect data from the environment, process it, communicate with other devices, and perform various actions. Here are the main hardware components typically used in IoT applications:
Sensors and actuators are crucial for gathering data from the surrounding environment and performing specific actions based on that data. There are various types of sensors available for different purposes:
Actuators, on the other hand, are devices that take action based on the data received from the sensors. Examples include:
Microcontrollers are the brains of IoT devices. They are small, low-power computers that can process data from sensors, make decisions, and control actuators. Some popular microcontrollers used in IoT development include Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and ESP8266. These microcontrollers often have built-in input/output (I/O) capabilities, allowing them to connect with sensors and actuators directly.
Communication modules are essential for enabling IoT devices to connect and exchange data with other devices or a central server. These modules use wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks to establish communication links. They allow for remote monitoring and control of IoT devices and enable the transfer of data to a cloud-based platform for further analysis and processing.
Power supply units provide the necessary electrical power to run IoT devices. Depending on the application and location, various power sources can be used:
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