How do you handle geographical data distribution and load balancing in backend systems?
Geographical data distribution and load balancing in backend systems are crucial for ensuring efficient performance and scalability of applications. Geographical data distribution involves storing data across multiple locations, allowing for low-latency access and redundancy. This can be achieved through techniques like data replication, where data is copied and synchronized across different geographical regions. Load balancing involves distributing incoming traffic across multiple backend servers to prevent overloading. This can be done through load balancers that distribute requests based on various algorithms such as round-robin or least connections. High availability and fault tolerance can be achieved by replicating backend servers across multiple locations and using health checks to detect and redirect traffic from failed servers. Additionally, technologies like CDNs can be used to cache and deliver static data from edge locations to further improve performance.